Advanced corporate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advanced corporate finance - Essay Example In such scenarios, three forms of remunerations can be noteworthy. The first among these is the ‘share based compensation model’ that helps the managers as well as the employees to serve for better growth in the share pieces of a company, without affecting the cash reserves and therefore, ensuring financial stability. Nevertheless, the management may be concerned about the fact that potential hostile bidders may bid for the company in case it maintains a lower share price, whilst increasing price is certain to prohibit such take-overs. It is also likely that the short-term shareholders may create pressure for achieving the returns that will create a potential damage for the company through the reduction of its intrinsic value. Majority of the times managers have to face pressure from the top-level management as well. Notably, as the shareholders always seek for a high dividend from the company, in order to retain these investors as well as increase their numbers, manager s often get lured to deliver constantly increasing profit margin that in turn tends to facilitate returns, which may benefit the shareholders but will create potential damage to the company in long run. It is thus that a manager may unintentionally harm the company by increasing the dividends irrespective of insufficient cash reserves or increase in the leverages. Manager’s loyalty and satisfaction from the company, indicating his/her intention to be a part of the entity, also play vital roles influencing their strategic intents to increase current share prices. From debt-holders, shareholders can expropriate wealth in various forms, which mainly include underinvestment, asset substitution and shortsighted investment among others. For example, underinvestment can take place if the Net Present Value (NPV) is lesser than the debt to be borne by the investors. Assuming that two economies have equal rate of yield earned from

Inventory period and operating cycle Essay Example for Free

Inventory period and operating cycle Essay Age of inventory will show the number of days that inventory of COSCO is being held before they are sold. Increasing or decreasing the same must be a guided by the objective of maintaining a good working capital condition. COSCO Wholesale has inventory period of 27 days. Before recommendation could be made whether its inventory period should be increased, said inventory period must be compared with the payment terms with suppliers. If the company’s payment terms (Bernstein, 1993) to supplier is 30 days them the age of inventory of 27 days is a good sign that the company is making sale of inventory efficiently, which means that it can sell faster than the next time the company orders and pays for these goods. For COSCO to maintain its 27 days inventory period, it must also tie this up with collection period since higher sales volume is normally associated with longer collection period. Increasing sales on credit with longer collection will decrease inventory period and the two will sum up to operating cycle (Meigs and Meigs, 1995). If the resulting operating cycle still allows a good and manageable working capital situation, then increasing sales on credit must be done up to such point, otherwise mismanaged working could turn the company unable to meet currently maturing obligations. Operating Cycle COSCO’S operating cycle is 30 says which consists of 27 days inventory period and 3 days collection period. To determine whether recommendations should be made whether the cycle could be increased or decreased should be tied up on it working capital situation. If its present working capital situation allows the company to meet it currently maturing obligations then its operating cycle is just right. As discussed earlier, the strategy on operating cycle is affected by decisions made on age of inventory and policy on making sales on credit. One could not just decrease operating cycle without basis like by decreasing age of inventory by underinvestment as this could mean not satisfying the demand for company’s products for the sake of shorter age of inventory and consequently shorter operating cycle. The company’s policy on sales on credit must be sufficient enough to meet realistic targets in terms of sales revenues and working capital requirements (Brigham and Houston, 2002).

Social Oppression in Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway :: Mrs. Dalloway Essays

The physical and social setting in "Mrs. Dalloway" sets the mood for the novel's principal theme: the theme of social oppression. Social oppression was shown in two ways: the oppression of women as English society returned to its traditional norms and customs after the war, and the oppression of the hard realities of life, "concealing" these realities with the elegance of English society. This paper discusses the purpose of the city in mirroring the theme of social oppression, focusing on issues of gender oppression, particularly against women, and the oppression of poverty and class discrimination between London's peasants and the elite class.

Reduce Cost

In the unpredictable economic times prevalent contemporarily, organizations and economies all over the world are devising strategies that can prove effective in providing them sanctuary from the looming threat of increasing expenditures. However, there are a number of ways through which these expenses can be controlled in an intelligent and less intimidating way. First and foremost, a careful analysis of the sectors where your budget goes wild is significant in taming the money animal. Sometimes it is difficult to reduce an increase item, but more profits can be generated from the increased item if the expense analysis is conducted in a careful way. It is therefore important during analysis that one must make use of percentages rather than actual dollar amounts. For instance if your main objective is to surge sales it is important that the dollar expense is kept the same, by implementing this method you have actually decreased the expense of sale as a percentage which will eventually manifest itself in the form of increased profits. Similarly if the sales volume of an item remains constant, the percentage of profit can still be increased by reducing a particular component contributing to expense. Through such a policy you will be able to successfully achieve both objectives: to decrease the alarming expense and increase the productivity at the same time. Another tool that can effectively be utilized when discussing ways to reduce costs and expenses is ingeniously prioritize the expenditures that are mandatory and those that can temporarily be sidelined. The prioritization is also important as it allows organizations to make decisions accordingly in order to frame their objectives towards acquiring goals that they feel are important for the prosperity of the organization rather than focusing entirely on places which are not that productive. Pros and Cons of Outsourcing One of the areas which have turned out to be a nightmare for the domestic labor market of the United States is the outsourcing. The phenomenon is associated with adverse economic as well as social repercussions. Statistics reveal that majority of the country’s native labor force regards outsourcing as a slow poison to their employment opportunities. This was easily manifested when during a survey 1,019 adults when inquired about outsourcing, 60% of them straight forwardly polled in negative, whereas only 23% said that it was important for financial rejuvenation. In addition to this over 40% companies are involved either in experimenting or are already engaged in shifting their services overseas in search of cheap labor and services that are being provided by countries like China and India. However on the flip side pro-outsourcing advocates claim that by implementing upon outsourcing new job opportunities can be explored as there are also a number of government agencies that outsource their work to different country labor which saves them millions of dollars directly affecting consumer spending as well as expenses being handled by the state treasury. Long and short term issues related to outsourcing A key issue that arises out of outsourcing is finding a satisfactory answer to the question whether outsourcing in future will facilitate the creation of greater employment opportunities. Short-term issues concerning the entire matter are the hypothetical, euphoric and speculative nature between the two major elements and assume that one-to-one replacement of people can easily take place, but in dynamic market situations such as those faced by US markets, prevalence of such conditions are almost next to impossible because price and income both exhibit an elastic nature. Many economic models proposed by prominent economists fail to address these fundamental flaws which are quite dominant in the economic setup of the country. Furthermore in the long run outsourcing can be used as an effective tool for substantial economic gains which can be achieved through proper maintenance of service record which is very important as your customer will be something more than just a simple vendor, effective outsourcing and its fruitful results can only be obtained if the specific customer can readily address the outsourcer in a timely manner and can resolve all complications and difficulties encountered by the outsourcer in performing the task. Another very important factor that is often overlooked by many is the presence of properly trained and managed staff for the outsourcing work. When a customer provides a company with work, he invests a feeling of trust and credibility in the name of the company and therefore it is mandatory for the outsourcer or the outsourcing company itself to live up to his expectations and refrain from practices that may putrid the relation between the client and the service provider. (Holzer, Demetra and Nightingale, 2007)

Outline for Thesis Architecture

Your aim must, (1) state the subject of your research, (2) contain the question or research inquiry that you wish to answer and (3) your rationale for conducting the research. Sample: The purpose of the study was to identify and understand the need for addressing human aspects of architecture; how students physically, psychologically and socially behave towards their environment such as the library. From the investigation, it is expected to raise awareness amongst students, public and even professionals regarding the significance and implication of environmental psychology particularly proteomics on these spaces. This investigation was done by, first, exploring the knowledge on implication of human behavior on built environment and Malaysian culture associating with the way they socialize and interact.Consequently, observing and understanding how spatial behavioral spacing between individuals within the major spaces may occur. Aim and objectives of research Instruction: State one aim and 2-3 objectives. Your aim must, (1) state the subject of your research, (2) contain the question or research inquiry that you wish to answer and (3) your rationale for conducting the research. The aim of the study is to investigate how far E-B is understood by students through conducting a survey among architecture and design-based students. From the survey, it would be possible to gauge the level of awareness among the students on the significance of human environments and importance in the process of design.In line with the aim, the objectives of the study are listed below: To establish the level of awareness mongo design-based students on E-B and how far this aspect is considered in their design projects To find out how much they understand the fundamental concept of person-space relationship To determine the students' perceptions on spaces of one important facility, I. E. The faculty libraryHistory of Shopping Malls in Malaysia Text Retails and Architecture Elements of Store Design Visual Color Figure [ 1 ]: Percentage of students going to the library with respective purposes Figure 2: Interior of the library showing the area of sofas Text fiddling text [keep this chapter to about 8-11 pages. It is longer if you choose to include the description of your case study here] You need to present observations and comments that are critical. Consider summarizing your findings in matrices / table form. Table [ 1 ]: Summary, Discussion and Analysis of Mosque Envelope Design Elements Comparison of the two mosques I Discussion and Analysis I Steel Mosque I Putter Mosque I Site Locations I both mosques are surrounded by water element (lake).Water features are also introduced within the boundary of the mosque in the form of pond and waterfall as meaner to further enhance passive cooling. I Tartan Pituitary along the Pituitary Boulevard and sits right next to the Pituitary Man-Made Lake. The lake acts as a passive cooling device through evaporative cooling. I Persian Operand at the end of Pituitary Boulevard and sits right next to the Pituitary Man- Made Lake. The lake acts as a passive cooling device through evaporative cooling. I I Openings On Wall Envelope I These mosques present alternative degree of enclosure. One opts for openness and borderless I Wall envelope is totally open with no specific enclosure that promotes natural ventilation and lighting†¦..Openings are in the form of glass sliding doors and are partly consist of square modules of fixed glass with the rest of the balance surface are totally open for the purpose of harvesting natural ventilation and lighting I I Treatment On Wall Envelope I both mosques seem I Wall envelope panels are applied with woven metallic fabric which is called the Muscularity and on I Wall envelope panels treated with traditionally crafted square module timber that are Joined together to create a screen called Muscularity†¦.. I I Building Materials Use On Wall Envelope I Uses crystallized glas s material to encase the steel columns that are exposed directly to the sun radiation.This material maintain its cool temperature although expose to heat due to its heat absorbing properties I Uses rose-tinted granite as the main material for the exterior of the wall envelope that is exposed directly to the sun radiation. This material has a very low heat capacity that helps reduce heat gain I Roof Envelope I Both mosques aim to optimize the stack effect concept by having a sigh volume of space and roof openings I High roof with arc shaped openings on dome to achieve stack effect

How Monica Lewinsky overcame fear of presenting †and you can too

How Monica Lewinsky overcame fear of presenting – and you can too How Monica Lewinsky conquered her public-speaking demons In March 2015, Monica Lewinsky walked into the world-famous spotlight of the TED stage in Vancouver, Canada, to deliver a presentation called The price of shame. She was, of course, already world famous herself. Everyone knew her story –  her affair with former US President Bill Clinton, which had hit the headlines some 17 years earlier. In her own words, she was the Creature from the Media Lagoon. Her face was projected above her on two huge screens, revealing even the slightest expression of nerves. The tiniest glisten of moisture in her eyes would be highlighted a hundredfold in the glare of the stage lights. Somehow, just imagining the audience in their underwear wasnt going to cut it here. Talking about her presenting experience in an interview for The TED Guide to Public Speaking, she told TED Curator Chris Anderson: Nervous is too mild a word to describe how I felt. More like .  .  . gutted with trepidation. Bolts of fear. Electric anxiety. If we could have harnessed the power of my nerves that morning, I think the energy crisis would have been solved. Thankfully, most of us havent had to deal with ridicule on the scale Lewinsky has – but the all-consuming fear of presenting that she felt is something many of us can relate to. Presentations are among the most important things we do in our careers – whether were a newcomer proving our worth to our colleagues for the first time, or a senior adviser influencing policy decisions that could affect the lives of millions. Lewinsky used just about every trick in the book to calm her nerves before her talk. And they worked – her talk was widely acclaimed and quickly reached over a million views. So how did she overcome her fear of presenting? And how can you use the same techniques in your own business presentations? We talked to our expert presentation-skills trainer, David White, to learn more. 1. Dont rely on adrenaline You cant rely on adrenaline helping you throughout your presentation. All it does is give you an instant rush, says David. Too many people hope that adrenaline alone will see them through their talks – but it isnt enough. It fades after four or five minutes. Few people could have been more adrenalised than Lewinsky in advance of her talk. But she also used the techniques below – as the impressive final result showed. 2. Write a mantra Lewinsky had two mantras that David likes: One was IVE GOT THIS, and the other was THIS MATTERS. She wrote the latter on the top of the first page of her talk. I like these because sometimes we forget that we can do what were going to do, especially if weve done it before. So when writing your next presentation, try using your own mantra. Make it simple and straightforward. You may think youre just faking confidence – but keep in mind that many of the people you meet who you feel are naturally confident are doing just the same thing. 3. Use your fear as a motivation Public speaking regularly rates highly in surveys of peoples fears – even when pitched against competition like the fear of heights, or even death. But its the social costs that worry us the most – we want to be liked, included, respected and taken seriously by others. Being ostracised from a group of any kind – be it your peers while at school or work colleagues later in life – is a scary prospect. The key to dealing with this understandable fear is to use the fear as motivation. If youre scared, make it force you to practise more. Do more rehearsal, more preparation. Lewinsky went as far as giving her talk in advance to small audiences for feedback. When the negative feedback she was fearing just didnt come, she knew she was in a much better place to present. 4. Let your body help you Your state of mind is very attuned to the state of your body. You can test this for yourself: sit upright with good posture in your chair, moving your chair closer to your desk if necessary. (Seriously, try it now!) Do you notice how much more attentive it makes you feel? Its much harder to get the same feeling if youre slouched over your desk, even if everything else about the situation is the same. You can use this effect of the body on the mind to your advantage. Taking deep breaths is a classic technique in the same vein for calming nerves. And if you find your nerves are hitting you well in advance of your talk, try pausing now and then to take some deep breaths. It will help to prepare you. David uses a smartwatch app which taps your wrist at random points in the day, tapping out a slow rhythm for you to breathe in time with. (There are lots of apps which do this, including Breathe for Apple Watch, and Paced Breathing for Android.) As well as doing breathing exercises, Lewinsky went for a walk to clear some of her adrenaline. You may find that a stroll, or something even more vigorous like push-ups or star jumps, does the job. As with our tips to stop procrastinating and start writing, nothing is strange if it works for you. 5. Dont be afraid of appearing vulnerable or nervous When you have a fear of presenting, calming your nerves is important. But you dont need to eradicate them or be afraid of showing them. A show of nerves demonstrates that you feel what youre doing matters. This might be counterintuitive – but David asks us to consider the opposite case: Imagine your typical oily presenter of a game show. Hes competent, but hes not someone you really warm to. Compare that with Patti Smith, who recently stumbled through a Bob Dylan song after she had been asked to perform to mark the handing over of his Nobel Prize in Literature. She said, Im sorry, Im so nervous. She got a full round of applause when she stuttered, and some people in the audience cried at her performance. People were on her side. Lewinskys nervousness and vulnerability served the same purpose – at one point in her talk, she had to completely stop and take a moment. It reinforced the fact that the subject really did matter to her. If you cant show you care about your subject, why should anyone else? 6. Preparation, preparation, preparation Preparing your talk beforehand is the single biggest thing you can do to calm your nerves. David is emphatic about this: Nothing beats knowing youve properly prepared and rehearsed. If you dont have an audience to practise to, try rehearsing in front of the mirror. Get comfortable with your presentation. If possible, take the chance – as Lewinsky did – to perform your talk in front of an audience in advance. 7. Remember who is on your side Of course, speaking to an audience can seem like an intimidating prospect, particularly if its a large group. But knowing there is someone in the audience who is on your side, or sympathetic to your message, can be enormously important. David explains: You know there’s someone who is going to say, I think this person has got a really good point there. And even if youve got nobody familiar in the crowd, someone will still be on your side. As Lewinsky put it, when you address an audience, It means someone, somewhere, decided you had something of import to impart to others. Youve got this Lewinksys talk focused on the culture of humiliation – an emotion we have all felt intensely at some point, and which we want to avoid at all costs. But its impact showed the flip side of human nature – her talk got a standing ovation. At TED, as in business, audiences can be sceptical, hard to convince, or even hostile to a certain message, but audiences usually dont want to see a presenter completely fail. So when you next need to give a presentation, remember that you dont need to change your personality overnight to do a great job. Just prepare wisely and thoroughly – and then youll know, as Lewinsky did, that you really have got this. If you enjoyed this article, join over 16,000 professionals who keep up-to-date with the latest business communications advice: hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: '2645537', formId: 'bf5044be-d437-4f55-9e4d-bf1bea361bbe' }); Image credit: Monica Lewinsky receiving a standing ovation at TED, and looking right at Al Gore sitting next to me by Steve Jurvetson used under CC BY 2.0/cropped from original

Tolerancia Cero y cruce ilegal de la frontera de EE.UU.

Tolerancia Cero y cruce ilegal de la frontera de EE.UU. Tolerancia Cero es una polà ­tica migratoria del gobierno de Donald Trump, la cual impone que todas las personas que crucen ilegalmente la frontera sean detenidas, acusadas judicialmente y procesadas. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre quà © ocurre en estos momentos en la frontera cuando un migrante, despuà ©s de cruzar ilegalmente a los Estados Unidos, es atrapado por la Policà ­a Fronteriza (CBP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Tambià ©n se toca el tema de la polà ­tica fronteriza antes de entrar en vigor Tolerancia Cero en abril de 2018. Asimismo, se informa sobre cà ³mo esta polà ­tica derivà ³ en la separacià ³n de nià ±os de sus padres. Finalmente, se incluyen referencias sobre dà ³nde acudir para solicitar ayuda legal. Cruce ilegal de la frontera antes de Tolerancia Cero Hasta hace pocos aà ±os, muy pocos cruces ilegales de la frontera eran castigados judicialmente. Esta situacià ³n comenzà ³ a cambiar en 2005 con la aplicacià ³n de la Operacià ³n Streamline en Texas, que se fue expandiendo gradualmente para cubrir casi toda la frontera entre Estados Unidos y Mà ©xico. Bajo la aplicacià ³n de Operacià ³n Streamline, se calcula que aproximadamente una de cada tres entradas ilegales eran procesadas judicialmente. En el resto de los casos, los migrantes eran devueltos inmediatamente a sus paà ­ses de origen o se les permità ­a ingresar mediante un permiso conocido como parole mientras se decidà ­a su caso, lo cual podà ­a demorarse aà ±os. En todo caso, por sistema no se incluà ­a el procesamiento judicial ni la separacià ³n de familias. Tampoco se procesaba penalmente a los nià ±os que ingresaban solos a Estados Unidos. Tolerancia Cero y consecuencias: separacià ³n de familias y ms Tolerancia Cero comenzà ³ a aplicarse en mayo de 2018 y supuso, en la prctica, una ampliacià ³n de la Operacià ³n Streamline a toda la frontera sur que separa a Estados Unidos de Mà ©xico, afectando a todos los migrantes atrapados despuà ©s de cruzar a EE.UU. sin autorizacià ³n. En un primer momento de la aplicacià ³n de Tolerancia Cero, la CBP detenà ­a a migrantes y separaba a adultos de menores, producià ©ndose asà ­ la separacià ³n de familias. En esos casos, los adultos pasaban a disposicià ³n judicial y los menores eran entregados al U.S. Health and Human Services Department. Esta agencia los entregaba temporalmente a familiares de los menores presentes en Estados Unidos, a familias de acogida o a albergues repartidos por todo el territorio del paà ­s. Asà ­, en pocas semanas, ms de 3.000 menores fueron separados de sus padres, lo que provocà ³ protestas de diverso tipo que llevaron al Presidente Trump a poner fin, por orden ejecutiva del 20 de junio de 2018, a esta prctica de separacià ³n de nià ±os de sus padres. Adems, el 26 de junio, la jueza Dana Sabraw ordenà ³ la reunificacià ³n de estas familias y en el momento en que se escribe este artà ­culo, ms de 2.500 menores han sido regresados a sus padres. Sin embargo, todos los dems aspectos de Tolerancia Cero siguen vigentes. Esto significa en la prctica que todos los adultos que son agarrados tras cruzar ilegalmente la frontera son puestos a disposicià ³n judicial para ser acusados y procesados. Las acusaciones pueden ser de dos tipos. En primer lugar, de ingreso ilegal, que es considerado una falta federal, conocida en inglà ©s como misdemeanor. La condena puede ser de un mximo de 6 meses de crcel y despuà ©s se expulsa al migrante. Esto que sucede en la frontera es, desde el punto de vista de las leyes migratorias, una expulsià ³n inmediata en la frontera, no una deportacià ³n. Esta diferencia es importante a la hora de determinar las sentencias. Si una persona ha sido expulsada en la frontera antes y vuelve a ingresar de forma a ilegal, esta segunda o sucesiva entrada puede llegar a tener una condena de 2 aà ±os de prisià ³n como mximo. Una situacià ³n distinta, pero que por su nombre puede dar lugar a confusià ³n, es el reingreso ilegal despuà ©s de una deportacià ³n. El reingreso ilegal se da cuando una persona ha estado previamente en Estados Unidos y fue deportada tras un caso de corte migratoria. Es decir, esta situacià ³n exige una orden de deportacià ³n previa. Si la persona es atrapada despuà ©s de cruzar la frontera nuevamente, la pena de crcel puede llegar a ser, en los casos ms graves, de 20 aà ±os de prisià ³n. Esta condena mxima se impone cuando la persona ha sido previamente   deportada por un delito agravado. Cabe destacar que, segà ºn las leyes migratorias, no solamente los delitos violentos tienen esta consideracià ³n, sino tambià ©n otros como el hurto, trabajar con un documento de identificacià ³n falso, etc. En cuanto al procesamiento, pueden darse dos situaciones. En primer lugar, que la persona detenida pase a disposicià ³n judicial en cuestià ³n de dà ­as o semanas. En estos casos, muy frecuentemente la mayorà ­a de los migrantes consulta con un abogado un mximo 15 minutos y comparece ante un juez junto con otros detenidos en juicios masivos, donde en una misma maà ±ana se juzga a decenas de personas. En este tipo de casos, los migrantes suelen aceptar el cargo del que se les acusa, se les condena al tiempo que ya han servido mientras esperaban por el juicio y se les transfiere a la agencia de Inmigracià ³n y Control de Aduanas de los Estados Unidos (ICE, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), la agencia del gobierno que procede a su deportacià ³n. En segundo lugar, puede darse la situacià ³n en que el migrante solicita asilo. En este caso, y por aplicacià ³n de Tolerancia Cero, los oficiales que deben decidir sobre si permiten continuar un caso de asilo deben tener en cuenta como un factor negativo en contra del migrante el hecho de que ha ingresado ilegalmente a EE.UU. Si a pesar de este inconveniente, el oficial decide que se puede continuar con un caso de asilo, puede suceder que el migrante permanezca detenido por meses, e incluso aà ±os, mientras su caso se resuelve. Tambià ©n puede suceder que quede en libertad mientras se decide su caso, bajo depà ³sito de fianza o por acuerdo de llevar una tobillera que permite determinar en todo momento dà ³nde se encuentra el migrante. Con respecto a la fianza, cabe destacar que aunque la ley requiere un monto mà ­nimo de $1.000, la fianza migratoria media es de $9.000, y en los casos de asilo pendiente son muchas las fianzas que exceden los $10.000, siendo ya comunes las que alcanzan los $25.000. A veces, los inmigrantes que no pueden obtener esa cantidad se deciden por el sistema de la tobillera. Aunque en principio parece ms asequible que una fianza migratoria regular, puede resultar ms cara. En el caso de la tobillera debe anticiparse una cantidad, que normalmente est fijada en $4.000. A ese monto hay que sumarle cada mes un pago de $420 mientras se resuelve el caso. Finalmente, en caso de estropear el aparato o daà ±arlo, debe abonarse $3.950. En cuanto al tiempo que tarda en resolverse un caso de asilo, en la actualidad y segà ºn una base de datos de la Universidad de Syracuse que sigue estos casos, el tiempo medio es de 700 dà ­as, es decir, casi 2 aà ±os, si bien hay diferencias importantes de corte a corte y segà ºn la situacià ³n del caso de cada solicitante.  ¿Dà ³nde encontrar ayuda legal para detenidos y solicitantes de asilo? Es fundamental contar con buena asesorà ­a legal para tener una oportunidad mayor de ganar un caso de asilo tras haber cruzado ilegalmente la frontera u obtener otros beneficios migratorios, como la visa U para và ­ctimas de violencia o la visa T para và ­ctimas de trfico humano. La Asociacià ³n Americana de Abogados de Inmigracià ³n (AILA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) es la organizacià ³n de abogados migratorios de EE.UU., y ofrece una excelente base de datos para buscar un letrado especializado. Asimismo, diversas organizaciones de apoyo legal a migrantes pueden dar buenas referencias o, incluso, defender casos a bajo costo o pro bono. En el caso de menores solicitantes de asilo, organizaciones como Kids in Need of Defense (KIND) y Refugee and Immigrant Center for Education and Legal Services (RAICES), entre otras, se especializan en este tipo de ayuda. Puntos clave La polà ­tica de Tolerancia Cero tiene como mandato acusar y procesar a todos los migrantes que ingresen ilegalmente.Castigo por entrada ilegal: mximo 6 meses.Castigo por reingreso ilegal: mximo 20 aà ±os.Fianzas para quienes solicitan asilo tras cruce ilegal de frontera: frecuentemente por encima de $10.000. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Definition and Examples of Echo Utterances in English

Definition and Examples of Echo Utterances in English An echo utterance is  speech that repeats, in whole or in part, what has just been said by another speaker. Sometimes called simply echo. An  echo utterance, says  Ãƒâ€œscar Garcà ­a Agustà ­n, isnt necessarily an utterance attributable to a specific person; it can refer to a group of people or even to popular wisdom (Sociology of Discourse, 2015).  A direct question that repeats part or all of something which someone else has just said is called an echo question. Examples and Observations Claire Dunphy: All right, everybody back to work!Gloria Delgado-Pritchett: Everybody back to work!Claire Dunphy: I just said that.Gloria Delgado-Pritchett: And I co-said it.(Julie Bowen and Sofà ­a Vergara, Dance Dance Revelation. Modern Family, 2010) Olivia: If the temperature is dropping, this mess could freeze up. We got to get outta here.Cassie: We got to get out of here.Olivia: I just said that. Where are you going?Cassie: If the temperature is dropping, this mess could freeze up.Olivia: I just said that.Cassie: We got to get out of here.Olivia: I just said that!(Marsha A. Jackson, Sisters. The National Black Drama Anthology, ed. by Woodie King. Applause Theater Books, 1995) Echo Utterances and Meanings We repeat one another. This is how we learn to talk. We repeat one another, and we repeat ourselves. An  echo utterance is a type of spoken language that repeats, in whole or in part, whats just been said by another speaker, often with contrasting, ironic, or contradictory meaning. How old are you, Bob asks.Nineteen, Gigi says.He says nothing, as this does not deserve the courtesy of response.Seventeen, she says.Seventeen?Well, not quite, she says. Sixteen until I get to my next birthday.Sixteen? Bob asks. SIX-teen?Well, maybe not exactly, she says. (Jane Vandenburgh,  Architecture of the Novel: A Writers Handbook. Counterpoint, 2010) Echo Utterances and Attitudes Wolfram Bublitz, Neal R. Norrick,  A phenomenon that is not extra communicative and still represents hardly an instance of metacommunication is the so-called  echo-utterance, where the speaker echoes the preceding speaker by repeating some linguistic material yet giving a specific turn to it . . ..  Echo statements such as in the following example  usually just convey attitudes toward the propositional state of affairs quoted/echoed. He: Its a lovely day for a picnic.[They go for a picnic and it rains.]She: (sarcastically) Its a lovely day for a picnic, indeed.(Sperber and Wilson, 1986: 239) (Axel Hà ¼bler, Metapragmatics. Foundations of Pragmatics, ed. by  Wolfram Bublitz et al. Walter de Gruyter, 2011) The Fifth Type of Sentence The traditional classification of major sentences recognizes statements, questions, commands . . . and exclamations. But there is a fifth type of sentence, used only in dialogue, whose function is to confirm, question, or clarify what the previous speaker has just said. This is the echo utterance.Echo utterance structure reflects that of the preceding sentence, which it repeats in whole or in part. All types of sentences can be echoes. StatementsA: John didnt like the filmB: He didnt what?Questions:A: Have you got my knife?B: Have I got your wife?!Directives:A: Sit down here.B: Down there?Exclamations:A: What a lovely day!B: What a lovely day, indeed! Usage Echoes sometimes sound impolite unless accompanied by an apologetic softening phrase, such as Im sorry or I beg your pardon. This is most noticeable with the question What did you say?  often shortened to What? Dont say what, say pardon is a common parental plea to children.(David Crystal, Rediscover Grammar. Pearson Longman, 2004) Read More Broken-Record ResponseConversation AnalysisRepetitionSpeech ActUtterance

Amy Winehouse Tragic event Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Amy Winehouse Tragic event - Research Paper Example Her tragic death in July 2011 has led to many a fan saddened and speculative about her untimely demise. It is public knowledge that Winehouse had been going through drug abuse and drinking problems (Sturges, 2011). Her celebrity status and stardom at such a young age, combined with the pressure of being a successful and evolving artist made her ‘terrified’ of her own success (Sledge, 2011). Her extremely quick flight to stardom made her one of the busiest stars in the world. Winehouse reportedly lost a lot of weight due to her hectic schedule; later, her physical appearance and the constant media attention revealed a deep drug dependence that had started to threaten her well being. Winehouse was caught in possession of marijuana in Norway with her husband. Winehouse had acceded to be suffering from alcoholism; she was also chronically involved in substance abuse, most famously when her U.S. tour got affected in 2007 as she had to be hospitalized due to overdosing on heroin, cocaine, ecstasy and ketamine (Sturges, 2011). Only last year, her European tour got cancelled as s he was too ‘ill’ to perform (McKinley Jr., Somaiya & Werdigier, 2011). According to the Los Angeles Times, the toxicology report of Amy Winehouse after her death was presented to her family and only partially made public, claiming only alcohol but no illegal drugs were in her system; legal drugs were not discussed by the family; this could have been done in order to allow the family to protect her legacy (2011). McKinley Jr., J, Somaiya, R. & Werdigier, J. (2011, July 24). Amy Winehouse, British Soul Singer With a Troubled Life, Dies at 27. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/24/arts/music/amy-winehouse-british-soul-singer-dies-at-27.html?_r=1 Sturges, F. (2011, July 25). Amy Winehouse: Singer who won the hearts of millions but was unable to overcome her dependency on drink and drugs. The Independent – on Sunday. Retrieved from

The English Patient Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The English Patient - Essay Example He takes fragments and paragraphs cut out of other books and includes them in his novel. There is intertextuality richness in the novel including statutes, myths, christian imagery, desert images and references to portraits. His novel is swollen with different images just like Almasys common place book swollen to twice the original thicknes. The emphasies on the importance of maps is evident in The English Patient. Books, people, faith and art work are all reduced to maps to their skeletal structure. The reduction is a form of econstruction similar to the one of bombs in the novel. For giving the germans the desert maps, Almasy is considered a traitor and his treason justifying the preoccupation of the novel with maps. In the analysis highlighting the importance of maps, the gravity of his crime is evident. As a form of knowledge, maps give power to those who have them. Almasy claims that his map drawing ability motivated the Bedouins to save him. He goes further to explain that â€Å"they kept me alive for a reason. I was useful you see... I am a man who can recognize an unnamed town by its skeletal shape on a map† (Ondaatje, p.18). The Bedouins try making use of Almasy’s vast reservoir of information. For some, he draws maps going beyond their own boundaries and for other tribes explains the mechanic of guns(Ondaatje, p.22). Almasy claims having information like a sea in him and that he knew maps of the sea floor. maps depicting weaknesses in the earths shield, charts painted on skin containing various routes of the crusades. These maps have great destruction power since they depict weaknesses in the earths shield. The weaknesses would be exploited to create a destructive earthquake or to errupt a volcano in the land of the enemy. Heble observes Ondaatje’s based character of Almasy on that of a real person. Almasy’s slippery identity is an analogue to the English patients in the novel. Totosy argues that Almasys fictional position,

How do uniforms affect students in public schools...help or hinder Essay

How do uniforms affect students in public schools...help or hinder - Essay Example Students benefit by a reduction in the amount of concerns they generally deal with at school, freeing their attention to concentrate more on the scholarly issues which is what they should be doing in class. There is a lengthy history uniform use in schools, mostly from the private sector until expanding more so into the public arena relatively recently. All of these factors clearly demonstrate the benefits of uniforms. The majority of the public school uniform policies include relatively common restrictions, such as khaki or navy pants and solid colored shirts with collars with the school insignia patch only, no brand name or symbol allowed. Despite the benefits of uniforms and somewhat relaxed standard of dress there remains great opposition to uniform policies by parents who misguidedly insist that uniform policies somehow limit a child’s ability to express themselves. The proposition of requiring K-12 students to wear uniforms is not a new idea. It has been utilized for mor e than a century to help promote a sense of scholastic endeavors along with respect for oneself and others within the school setting. When President Clinton said â€Å"I believe we should give strong support to school districts that decide to require young students to wear school uniforms†, his opinion was based on a history of school uniforms conveying a calming effect on students (cited in Weitzel, 2004: 10). Schools in England have employed school uniforms for years for two reasons, to keep the children of lower class households from being distinguishable from upper class children and as a badge of honor to for academic achievement. â€Å"As can be seen in the history of the school uniform, such requirements of standardized dress also include a symbolic rhetoric of legitimate authority, a reservoir of institutional and organizational values of the school, and a method of social and cultural control over cohorts of students moving through the system. Those without a unifor m would feel left out† (Brunsma, 2004: 6). By including students in a particular social group as a member of a singular identifiable student body, uniforms help to build a sense of cooperation and community among children who may not otherwise get along. Students who outgrow their uniforms can donate them to students who can’t afford them. Uniforms reduce clothing costs for all parents and are especially helpful to families on a strict budget. Studies into self-expression and fashion have shown that a direct link exists between the kind of clothing we wear and the way we feel about ourselves. â€Å"With fashion and dress adapting to represent the ever-changing self, fashion therefore serves as a vehicle for establishing identity and self-concept† (Weitzel, 2004: 12). Therefore, regardless of the kind of cloths we wear, we are making a announcement about how we wished to be perceived and what we want to be associated with. Parents often disagree with the idea of s tudent uniforms because they think this requirement prevents students from expressing themselves. It must be acknowledged that there many types of occupations that also require a uniform. â€Å"Police officers, firemen, airline employees, nurses, doctors, lawyers and all branches of the military have some form of required dress. Most of our blue collar workers are also required to wear a uniform in the performing of their jobs †¦ It makes them a part of a team that performs a certain job in a certain manner and provides for a more cohesive

Economic Development and Poverty Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Economic Development and Poverty - Term Paper Example However, this does not fulfill the requirement of a national food banking programme. Initiating from Tamil Nadu in the year 1960s, the programme now has taken a huge form and is operating in all primary and government aided schools. In the sections to follow, pros and cons of the policy are discussed with a justifying case and future recommendations. Background to the Mid Day Meal Scheme The background to the Mid Day Meal programme in India was set when Tamil Nadu’s Former Chief Minister K. Kamaraj asked a small boy the question, â€Å"Why are you herding the cows? Why don’t you go to schools?† and he replied, â€Å"If I go to school, will you give me food to eat? I can learn only if I eat.† (Akshaya Patra n.d) This innocent answer by the child set the stage for the introduction of Mid Day Meal with its first operations in Tamil Nadu. The programme was covered under the aegis of National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NP-NSPE) and i mplemented as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme across the nation on August 15th, 1995. Elated with the positive response for the scheme in terms of school enrollments, retention and reducing hunger, the Supreme Court of India passed the following mandate in November 28, 2001, â€Å"We Direct the State Governments/ Union Territories to implement the Mid Day Meal scheme by providing every child in every Government and Government assisted Primary School with a prepared mid day meal.† (Akshaya Patra n.d) The provisions of the scheme were revised in the year 2004 covering children of class I-V and comprised of following provisions (India Government 2010): Cooking cost @ Re 1 per child per school day, Transport subsidy raised from Rs. 50 to Rs. 100 per quintal, Management costs @ 2% of the cost of grains, subsidy and assistance and Supplying mid day meal to drought affected areas during summer vacations. Again in the year 2006 revisions were made related to the calories counts and per child cost was increased to Rs. 1.80. Revisions regarding other nutritional contents are shown below in the table. Nutritional Content Norm as per NP-NSPE 2004 Norm as per NP-NSPE 2006 Calorie 300 450 Protein 8-12 12 Micronutrient Not prescribed Folic acid, Iron, Vitamin C, etc. Source: (India Government 2010) Objectives of Mid Day Meal Scheme The Mid Day Meal scheme in India serves three major purposes (India Government 2010) of: 1. Improvising upon the nutrition of children studying in class I-V in Government, state, local bodies and other government aided schools. 2. Bringing children of disadvantaged sections to schools by encouraging them to attend school regularly and allowing them focus on classroom activities through hunger elimination. 3. Providing support in the form of nutrition to undernourished children of primary level in drought affected areas during the summer vacations. Monitoring and control The supervision of the Mid Day Meal Scheme is jointly undertaken by the De partment of School Education and Literacy and Ministry of Human Resources Development. The overall control mechanism comprises (India Government 2010): Local level supervision The monitoring of cleanliness, timely procurement and distribution, wholesomeness and equity is done by members of local Panchayats and Gram Sabha representatives on a periodic basis. Transparency of information The Right to Information Act requires schools and centers to display

Wildlife in Colorado Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wildlife in Colorado - Essay Example The government should propose action plans to preserve the wildlife in Colorado. The conservation of habitats is the important factor and proper planning is required to manage them. These plans are carried out to save the wildlife and to maintain them in a proper manner.(Mills 5-10). As most of the rare species are seen here, wildlife conservation becomes the major criteria. Programs to conserve and restore the wildlife can be done by the government and other service organizations. The requirements of the species and needs of the habitats should be included in this program. Government should allocate funds to maintain the wildlife. Colorado has many species and wildlife habitats that are not seen in any other country. These species have to be identified and prioritized so that conservation plans can be achieved. According to this priority, the habitats are preserved and conservation process is done. Wildlife threats are common and these conservation plans should make sure to resolve these problems. Once a plan is Wetlands are important to maintain the wildlife habitat and the water quality can also be improved. As they are a part of ecosystem, they provide basic needs for the most of the animals. Wetlands help in time of natural disaster.

Getting Prepared to Build Your Personal Brand and Make a Strong First Statement

Getting Prepared to Build Your Brand and Make a Strong First Impression - Personal Statement Example Being that I previously worked in a logistics firm the responsibility that I carried in my daily job was enormous. I had to maintain proper accounting records in terms of bookkeeping, accounts payables, accounts receivable and accurately making regular journal entries. The job also involved preparing invoices, attaching the correct PODs to the invoices and making database system entries all by myself. Previously before joining Y Logistics, I worked as a customer service attendant then got a promotion to a leadership role with more responsibility where I helped as a medical administrative assistant. Therefore, responsible workers and leaders help to steer any organization or company ahead in terms of success and reputation. I am detail-oriented, an aspect that is indispensable to all successful and aspiring persons in the business world. Detail-oriented persons view problems in a deep light which helps them understand not only the possible effects of the problem at hand, but also the causes. Perfection of details is a quality that is deeply ingrained in me and as such I make a perfect marketer. The experience at Y Logistics Incorporation has also helped me perfect my ingrained nature of being detail-oriented. I had to write very accurate details about every debtor and creditor of Y Logistics Incorporation. In a logistics organizations, simple mistakes can be viewed as accounting malpractices. Such details involve the amount to be received or paid out by the company therefore I always had to go through them at least twice after their initial recording to ensure accuracy. During my tenure as an employee of Y Logistics Incorporation I learnt to fully focus and devote both my time and heart to every single task I was assigned. My attention to detail has helped me perform audit trails that have not only helped my past employers, but helped improve my experience in the field. My devotion and attention to detail will be

Wildlife in Colorado Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wildlife in Colorado - Essay Example The government should propose action plans to preserve the wildlife in Colorado. The conservation of habitats is the important factor and proper planning is required to manage them. These plans are carried out to save the wildlife and to maintain them in a proper manner.(Mills 5-10). As most of the rare species are seen here, wildlife conservation becomes the major criteria. Programs to conserve and restore the wildlife can be done by the government and other service organizations. The requirements of the species and needs of the habitats should be included in this program. Government should allocate funds to maintain the wildlife. Colorado has many species and wildlife habitats that are not seen in any other country. These species have to be identified and prioritized so that conservation plans can be achieved. According to this priority, the habitats are preserved and conservation process is done. Wildlife threats are common and these conservation plans should make sure to resolve these problems. Once a plan is Wetlands are important to maintain the wildlife habitat and the water quality can also be improved. As they are a part of ecosystem, they provide basic needs for the most of the animals. Wetlands help in time of natural disaster.

Linear programming model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Linear programming model - Essay Example These points represent the maximum and minimum values for each situation when they are injected into the equation that needs to be optimized. The total range of solutions lies within the bound region alone. 2. Discuss the importance of inventory control with respect to supply and demand. Inventory control is critical to any business for a number of reasons but majorly because it affects operating costs and output production levels directly. For any business it is essential to keep an optimized level of the inventory such that things are available when needed but are not overstocked or under stocked. In case that inventory items are overstocked the business is pushing its finances into warehouses that could have been used elsewhere while if items are under stocked there is the possibility that business operations will be negatively affected. In order to optimize the supply demand requirements of an organization inventory control is essential. 3. What benefit can tools such as ABC anal ysis and just-in-time controls provide for an organization? ABC analysis allows a set of selective inventory controls to be placed in order to optimize inventory levels. ... On the other hand the JIT inventory control philosophy tends to source materials just before they are required for operation. This ensures a healthy supply and demand cycle such that large warehousing efforts are not required while a constant and adequate supply of parts is available just when required. The lack of large warehousing and the absence of large inventories reduce the overall operational costs significantly. 4. How can an enterprise resource planning system assist a firm with improving its business operations? The purpose behind an ERP system is to integrate the aspects of internal and external information management. The aspects of communication throughout the entire organization are integrated into one platform so that manufacturing, retailing, finance, sales and service etc. all communicate together and are well aware of each other’s demands. These channels of internal communication are superimposed by external channels of communication though the external chann els may not be as large in number and may not necessarily interact with all the internal channels. The utilization of a pervasive ERP system provides all members of the organization with an overall outlook of demands and constraints that ought to be met for business operations to proceed as planned. The constraints put in place by communication are resolved through the use of effective ERP systems and this in turn tends to improve upon the overall business environment of the organization. 5. What benefit would be gained by utilizing linear programming (LP) for marketing research? Linear programming is about optimizing any set of problems using input in the form of equations and inequalities derived from word problems. Real world marketing problems are composed of word problems and

Report of Sun flower shop Essay Example for Free

Report of Sun flower shop Essay Sun flower shop is a small flower shop at Petaling Street. The shop has got 500 square feet big only. I have got sell many flower such as sun flowers, orchid, rose, lily, daisy and etc. Then, our shop also has delivery service for customer too. Almost our flower is from Cameron highland but some is imported from oversea. I was started this business since last year December. The beginning of the business is not very good. It is very hard to preserve the business. Sometimes, I may get one or two business in a day and I was carried all the flower to the garden or in front of shopping complex to ask couple buy the flowers from me. I will never forget the period of time memory. Even though, the sky is raining, I still holding the entire flower and ran to the mall. Last month was a busy month for me. I have been did a big promotion for those couple who came to buy flower during the valentine week, such as who has bought above 12 branch of roses will get free delivery service around KL area only , who bought above 24 branch of roses will get 10 % discount and so on. The most luck is i was hired a good helper. She is very good in designing and wrapping flowers. You give her some braches of the flowers and she will make her became a very wonderful bouquet of flowers. Many customers are praising her profusely on her technique of wrapping flower and they always will come back to my shop. So, I have been earned Rm 5000 for last month and I was really happy with it. After the promotion, this month my shop business becomes more stable. Now, I have got my regular customers and business. Besides that, I would like to share good news to you. Yesterday, a boy come to my shop and ordered to send 11 branch roses to his girl friend office for one month and he also order 500 branch roses and 100 lilies for his wedding event on next 2 months. I really get shock and happy to accept this order. Then, I also have been signed agreement with him and he also agreed to pay 50% deposit first. In addition, I also have accepted some order from wedding planner company and long term to provide flowers for them. Finally, I would like tell you my new plan. I have been planned to make my shop be bigger and extensive my business. Besides that, my helper also wants to join in our business. She will invest RM 15000 in our account. So I still holding 50% of the share, you are holding the 25 % of the share and she also is holding 25% of the share. I think end of this year, I will give you the bonus and very fast you can earn back your money. If you free, you are welcome to visit us at KL. I believe I will make the business bigger and I will create a website to our shop, so that people can order through internet.

Comparison of Babylonian Art vs. Egyptian Art Essay -- essays papers

Comparison of Babylonian Art vs. Egyptian Art Over the history of man, there have been many prosperous empires that ruled in different parts of the world. Babylon and Egypt are two of these empires that ruled almost 500 years apart, but had one thing in common, great artistic works. Wall paintings such as the Babylonian work Investiture of Zimrilim, and the Egyptian Queen Neferati Making an Offering to Isis are examples of the great works of their times. Both pieces are rich in meaning and background, share many similarities, but differences can be seen in their style due to the time periods. The wall paintings Investiture of Zimrilim and Queen Neferati Making an Offering to Isis have backgrounds that let viewers into a small view of their ancient times. The first, Investiture of Zimrilim comes from circa 1750 B.C.E. in the great Babylonian Empire of Mesopotamia. It was constructed on a mud plaster wall of the Palace of Zimrilim, who was a contemporary of the Babylonian Ruler, Hammurabi. The palace was located in the capital city of Mari, about 250 miles north of Babylon. This painting was one of the many extravagant wall paintings Zimrilim had to depict his dominance. It was made to show the empowerment of Zimrilim from the Ishtar, the Babylonian goddess of war, fertility, and love. The piece was eventually destroyed by the Babylonians who turned on Zimrilim and ransacked his palace; however parts of the painting survived. The second piece, Queen Neferati Ma...

Digging by Seamus Heaney, Catrin by Gillian Clarke, Little Boy Lost, :: English Literature

Digging by Seamus Heaney, Catrin by Gillian Clarke, Little Boy Lost, Little Boy Found by William Blake and On My First Son by Ben Jonson. POEMS The four poems that I have chosen to study are Digging by Seamus Heaney, Catrin by Gillian Clarke, Little Boy Lost, Little Boy Found by William Blake and On My First Son by Ben Jonson. All of theses poems express an issue of love and are all indirectly linked by some way or another on the issue of love. Digging is a poem about admiration, how Seamus Heaney as a young boy looks up to his predecessors and how he has; â€Å"No spade to follow men like them† (Line 28 digging) Catrin has a basic structure of love that is becoming more and more common in today’s world, and that is emotional love. Catrin doesn’t show love for her child but it is still a bond between them and can never be broken. There are two lines in catrin which dispute this idea. â€Å"From the hearts pool that old rope, tightening about my life† (lines 25-26 catrin) The emotional love shall never be broken despite there being no apparent love. The other quote being lines â€Å"Our first confrontation, the tight red rope of love which we both fought over.† (Lines 7-9 catrin) The umbilical cord holding the two together. Little Boy Lost Little Boy Found, this poem has love within the family and the desperation of a father to find his son again, eventually he does and he is metaphorically spoken of as god. â€Å"But god ever nigh appeared like his father in white.† (Lines 3-4 Little boy found) On my first son is about a child growing up and ‘leaving the nest’ for the father is upset that his little boy has grown up and he can no long be with him all the time. This is made clear by line eight. â€Å"And if no other misery, yet age!† (Line 8 On my first son) This comments on the only misery being age and explains the whole poem. I have chosen Digging and Catrin because I feel I understand both the poems much better. Digging is a poem about childhood. The whole poem is triggered by a few senses, these being the sound and smell of a spade slicing through the earth. It is as if the poet Seamus Heaney is sat at his window and is stuck on what to write. There is a physical tie of respect in his family. He loves and admires his grandfather and father and remembers little things such as carrying out tasks as simple as carrying him

Smart Ways Airline

Welcome to â€Å"Smart Ways Airline†. This is a new airline company that just opened and is very excited about taking people to their flight destinations around the world with the best and smartest service available. This paper will attempt to explain information about development, products, and services for â€Å"Smart Ways Airline†. So, please make sure all seatbelts are fastened and enjoy the flight. â€Å"Smart Ways Airline† provides â€Å"Plane Smart† service to each and every customer who boards the plane. As the matter of fact, â€Å"Plane Smart† is the slogan for the airline company. This slogan was chosen because â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† takes a lot of time to make intelligent decisions about the philosophy, mission, and vision about the company. â€Å"Fly Smart† is another slogan that the company will use to promote its high quality airline service to all of its customers. When a customer chooses to fly with â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† they will be making a very smart decision. Funding for â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† will be collected through concession fees, facility leases at the airport, and landing fees. â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† will also receive funding from tax dollars on aviation fuel. The fuel tax will be added into the cost of the airline passenger ticket. All project and development planning will be funded by the government through a program known as the AIP (Airport Improvement program) and FAA grants. The FAA grants will be used to make improvements and increase airline security and protection. Airline tickets for â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† will average about 10% lower than the national ticket average. â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† will meet or beat any competitor's rates and prices. Above all, if a customer is not satisfied with his/her flight for any reason, â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† will refund part or all of his/her money (Depending on the reason for dissatisfaction). â€Å"Smart Way Airlines† wants its customers to be happy while flying and wants them to be returning customers who recommend others. An airline's fleet is one of its most important assets and as such its composition and deployment directly influence the airline's profitability. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† offers a comprehensive fleet planning and aircraft evaluation service that has guided the strategic decision-making of a variety of operators worldwide. Computer software has been developed in-house to facilitate the analysis of multiple equipment and route combinations using a particular airline's ground rules. This is indispensable for determining the optimum aircraft mix for a carrier's current and future network. A comprehensive database is maintained on the technical, operational and economic characteristics of all commercial aircraft and business jets currently in service or under development. The company is therefore well equipped to undertake comparative economic studies of new or used aircraft types to any degree of detail required. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† fleet planning services are supported by rigorous understanding of commercial aircraft technology aided by excellent working relationships with airframe and engine manufacturers. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will fly Boeing 747-8 International planes. These planes will seat 450 passengers divided into three class sections, in two aisles. These planes were chosen because they will provide a quieter flight, produce lower emissions, and achieve an excellent fuel economy. The Boeing 747-8 will have a lower seat-mile cost than other Boeing 747s and has 25% more cargo space, which provide for better luggage and cargo accommodation. The Boeing 747-8 is actually 13% lighter per seat than the A380 and will consume around 15% less fuel per passenger than a 500 seat plane. The wingspan on the Boeing 747-8 International plane is approximately 224 feet (68.5 meters). It is approximately 243 feet (74.2 meters) long and 63 feet (19.4 meters) high. Its thrust is 66,500 pounds and cruise speed is mach .085. The maximum takeoff weight of the Boeing 747-8 International is 960,000 pounds â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will also have Boeing 747-8 Freighter planes. These planes will have the same economic benefit as the Boeing 747-8 International planes. This plane will have more cargo space allowing four additional main deck pallets and three additional lower deck pallets. This Freighter plane actually weights about 95 tons less than the average cargo plane, thus providing for better fuel mileage. The dimensions of the Boeing 747-8 Freighter Plane are the same as the Boeing 747-8 International plane, except it is 250 feet (76.3 meters) in length. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines will begin by leasing these aircrafts. However, â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† plans to purchase 2-4 planes per year. Plans for additional types of aircraft may be created in the future as the company and customer base grows. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will be known for its unique service. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will always stand behind their customers to assure that they receive the best service and the most comfortable, affordable flight available. All planes will offer several amenities such as current movies in all three classes, personalized radios at each seat with a wide variety of music choices offered by Yahoo, pull down laptop computers and cell phone access attached to the backs of each seat, a menu and full bar service in all three classes, magazine and other reading materials, and handheld video games available for flight rental. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will go the extra mile to make sure that each customer has the most unique, comfortable, accommodating, and affordable flight available or the customer's money will be refunded in part or in full. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will meet or beat any competitor's rates and prices. Customers are always first at â⠂¬Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. Flights will be available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and 365 days a year to over 100 destinations internationally and domestically. Flights are available to any type of customer from the business person, to the vacationing family and the oversized person. There is a seat for everyone, regardless of the reason for travel or any body shape. The seats are comfortable, reclining seats that have small pillows and blankets located underneath each seat. Seats are also accommodating for infant and child car seats. For all customers who buy tickets at least 24 hours in advance, the option of receiving flight information via email, text message or phone call is also available. There is no need to call and wait to hear if the plane is delayed. If something is delayed or cancelled, a â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† representative will call the passenger and let them know of the situation. At the end of the flight, all passengers are asked to complete customer satisfaction survey. This survey help â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† to provide the things that the customers are looking for. They take the time to listen to each and every customer, rather negative or positive. Customer satisfaction is top priority to â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will have its main offices located within Cleveland Hopkins International Airport in Cleveland, Ohio. Within Cleveland Hopkins Airport, â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will have three main gates. One gate will be for international flights, another gate will be for domestic flights and the third gate will be for freight planes only. At each gate, customers will have a comfortable waiting area with televisions, telephones, restrooms, internet access portals, and a restaurant or small store where snacks and other things can be purchased. A â€Å"Smart Ways Airline† representative will walk around and talk to the customers in a friendly manner. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† wants the customers to feel at home when they are traveling, so the â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† experience begins at the gate. Scheduling of flights will begin at least a year in advanced. The sooner the customer books the flight, the better discount they will be qualified to receive. Flights will leave Cleveland Hopkins Airport on a daily basis and flights will be available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days per year. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will always have a representative at the gate to help prepare the customer for the flight, to answer questions, and provide quality customer service. Flights information and ticket purchase options are also available online. The company will be organized into five major operational areas: All six operational areas will work together as a team to provide quality customer service. The Management team will be lead by the CEO and president of the company. Then, there will be managers and supervisors for each of the remaining five areas. The flight operations crew will consist of the pilots and stewards. This will be any crew member who flies on the plane with the customers. The Maintenance crew will consist of a team of workers who will clean, repair and maintain the planes in flying and operable conditions. The Financial team will handle the operational cost of the company. They will also be responsible for accounts receivable and accounts payable, finances, payroll, and other spending accounts. The Marketing department will be in charge of advertising, promoting and selling the services to potential customers. Finally, the customer service team will be the representative who are based at each gate and assist the customers before and after their flight. The customer service team will be responsible for all areas of customer services relating to the flights. FAR regulations will be adhered to on all flights. Any FAR regulation that deals with the safe operation, passenger and flight security, passenger and crew conduct, procedure, and policy will apply to all flights with â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. Marketing at â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will be the key to their success. The marketing department will continuously strive to make sure that customers know of the value, the options, and the type of customer service they can receive if they choose to fly with â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. Television, magazine, newspaper, and mailing advertisements will be offered. A website will also be available and flight information will be available through airline advertising websites such as Travelocity.com and orbit.com. When a customer purchases a ticket, they will be automatically enrolled in the frequent flyer program. This program will be a promotion to encourage returning travelers. The points that are accumulated on the frequent flyer program can be applied to future discounted prices, hotel and restaurant discounts, and theme park or movie discounts. For the traveler who is not a frequent traveler, the points can be used onboard the flight to purchase amenities such as food, beverage, book or game rentals, internet service or cell phone usage charges. Another marketing strategy that will be utilized by â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† is the Neighborhood and Four Walls Approach to Marketing. This technique requires little or no company money to fund. At â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† the customer service is so good, that they word of mouth actually sales the product by itself. When one customer is satisfied with their flight, they will tell their friends and family members about the flight, who will in turn, come and fly with â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. The quality customer service and uniqueness of the flights will sell itself through the excellent word of mouth that will be spread around by so many satisfied customers. As with beginning any company, there will be some barriers. Four main barriers that â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† may encounter are 1.) Lack of qualified employees, 2.) Weather conditions in Cleveland, 3.) Not enough planes to accommodate large crowds of people and 4.) Lack of funding. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will only hire the most qualified employees. Each potential employee will go through a strict interview and screening process. During this process, the applicant will be required to take a series of test. Applicants with a strong working history with another airline will be given priority. Once hired, the applicant will then have to pass a series of classes as part of their training. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will know and understand how valuable each and every employee is to the success of the company and will only hire the best, and most qualified people to do the job. Weather conditions in Cleveland vary. It is possible to see many different changes in temperatures and conditions within one day. During the winter months, flights may be delayed or cancelled due to conditions. In this case, â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will handle the weather conditions accordingly and strive to provide quality services. With the best customer service and the most affordable guaranteed airfare available, many people will want to fly with â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines†. Each plane only holds 450 people, so tickets will sale fast. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† will strive to accommodate all passengers. Additional flights and planes will be added as needed. Finally, lack of funding can be an issue for any airline. â€Å"Smart Ways Airlines† has smart ways to hand funding barriers. One way is by lowering ticket prices and encouraging more people to fly. More people flying at lower rates can actually increase sales than less people flying at higher rates. â€Å"The plane is now landing. Smart Ways Airlines hopes that everyone has enjoyed the flight that they have learned a little about how Smart Ways Airlines offers the best, most comfortable, most affordable, and the most unique flying experience available today. Thank you for flying the smart way with Smart Ways Airlines.†

A Summary of the Book Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser Essay

Customers, food critic and competitors are all praises over McDonald’s French fries for its unique and distinctive taste.  Ã‚   However, its taste has nothing to do with neither the potatoes that they use nor their cooking equipment.   The source of its distinctive taste has largely to do with cooking oil which is a mixture of 7 percent cottonseed oil and 93 percent beef tallow, which also explains why it has more saturated fat per ounce than a McDonald’s hamburger. They switched to using pure vegetable in 1990 when they started getting criticisms about the high amount of cholesterol in their fries.   This move gave them a whole new challenge on how to maintain the distinctive beefy taste in their fries, which sets them apart from the rest, without using the fat saturated beef tallow.   The problem was solved by adding flavor to their fires.   A closer examination of their ingredients will show you â€Å"natural flavor,† which is hardly natural as â€Å"natural flavor† and artificial flavor† are both man-made.   It explains why McDonald’s fries, as well as American food in general, tastes so good. The flavor industry is very secretive when it comes to their clients.   They deem it of utmost importance to protect the reputation of these popular brands and understandably so since they would like to give the consumers the impression that the flavors and delectability of their food comes from their kitchens and not from elsewhere. International Flavors and Fragrances (IFF) is the largest flavor company in the world, also manufactures the scents of some of the most successful and finest perfumes in the United States.   Food’s aroma is responsible for 90 percent of its flavor.   In fact, the â€Å"flavor† manufactured in these companies are primarily the smell of gases being released by the chemicals we put in our mouths. Researches done by scientists reveal that disposition or preference to certain food or taste is usually formed at the early stages of a person’s life.   Aroma or taste, and memory are strongly linked to each other which explain why a particular smell or taste could trigger a person’s memory back to childhood, often referred to as â€Å"comfort foods.†Ã‚   This phenomenon is what fast food chains, including McDonald’s, are banking on in their marketing and promotions.   Memory of Happy Meals can translate to frequent adult visits to McDonald’s. Meanwhile, the author discussed the American ranchers’ dire predicament in the present market.   McDonald’s is America’s largest beef purchaser.   In the late 1960’s McDonald’s buy their beef supply from 175 local suppliers, but in their desire to achieve uniformity as its business expanded, they limited their suppliers down to only five.   Many ranchers argue that large corporations have gained control of the market, employing dirty tactics to keep down the price of cattle. Chicken McNuggets was formed through an idea of McDonald’s chairman, Fred Turner, in 1979.   He wanted a supplier to create a â€Å"chicken finger-food without bones, about the size of your thumb.†Ã‚   The alarming growth rate of poultry in the United States at that time was a threat to the fast food chain whose only products are burgers. After six months of intensive research, Keystone lab developed a new technology for manufacturing McNuggets, made of reconstituted chicken, composed of white meat, held together by stabilizers, breaded, fried, frozen, then reheated.   Its initial test-marketing proved to be so successful that McDonald’s hired another company, Tyson Foods, to guarantee adequate supply.   The success of McNuggets changed the nations system for raising and processing poultry. Greeley, Colorado is a town where cattle is the main business, and where workers and machines turn large steer to vacuum packed packages.   However, the industrialization of cattle raising have turned one of the nation’s best-paying manufacturing jobs, into one of the lowest paying, the biggest workforce of which are poor immigrants. The working conditions in these meat packing plants were horrible to say the least, endangering the lives of its workers as well as those of its consumers.   Presently, meat-packing plants and agricultural fields hire poor immigrant workers who are willing to receive lower pay than U.S. citizens.   Even in the present time when technology and new systems are available, it hardly improved the working conditions of these workers.   They work every day amidst the indescribable stench and dirt, health exposure, injuries, and even death.  Ã‚   The different work in meat-packing plants and slaughterhouses are unarguably one of the most dangerous jobs in the planet. Schlosser brought up the presence of E. coli in meat as one of the hazards in the meat packing industry.   E. coli bacteria aid human beings in digesting food, synthesizing vitamins and protects from dangerous organisms.   On the other hand, E. coli 0157:H7 is a mutated version that is harmful and can release a powerful toxin called â€Å"Shiga toxin.†Ã‚   It attacks the lining of the intestines that may result to abdominal cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, and low-grade fever. It becomes deadly when â€Å"Shiga toxin† enters the bloodstream and can lead to kidney failure, anemia, internal bleeding, and destruction of vital organs.   Children or elderly with impaired immune systems are more likely to suffer.   Antibiotics do not help and in some cases, even triggers the release of Shiga toxins, after which little or nothing can be done to those infected.   Unlike Salmonella virus which requires large doses to cause infection, E. coli 0157:H7 requires very little.   It only takes a tiny, uncooked particle of a hamburger to contain enough pathogen to kill a person.   This can be transmitted from person-to-person. The influence of America has widely spread for most of the twentieth century, as the popularity of movies, CDs, music videos, television shows, clothing and fashion grow steadily, so does the Americanization of the world.   Fast food is one of the most popular American influences which people around the globe actually patronize.   Today, the United States has the highest obesity rate of any industrialized nations.   It soared dramatically in proportion to the consumption and popularity of fast food.   The Americans’ way of eating and living has changed so drastically in the past decades, when people eat more and move less. The popularity and growth of the fast food industry is mainly through their abundance of high-fat, inexpensive meals that are easily available.   They have also increased their portion sizes as a way of attracting customers.   The popular fast food chains realized that it was easier to increase the size of their portions than to promote healthier eating habits, as it was very difficult to battle eating habits formed early on in life through their own marketing strategies.   Even countries such as Japan, whose diet has always been believed to be the healthiest in the world, succumbed to the fast food influence.   As a result, obesity which used to be a rarity in this country has become more common. In 1994, a libel trial begun between McDonald’s and two Greenpeace activists, Helen Steel and Dave Morris, where Steel and Morris was being sued by the fast food chain for libel.   They were alleged to have spread leaflets and information that were damaging and untrue.   Many years later, the court ruled that the information was indeed libelous as Steel and Morris were not able to prove â€Å"all† of their allegations against McDonalds.   This trial dragged on for years, until present time, and has put McDonald’s in a much worse situation than the two activists, due to bad publicity. Opinion At first glance, Fast Food Nation may seem to be a book that is bent on brandishing the fast food industry to be the bad guys.   However, this book actually contains a well-researched and factual representation of American lifestyle and eating habits, as well as its remarkable influence in the world.   Eric Schlosser wrote a compelling picture of the origins of the present American society and the rest of the world’s â€Å"Americanized† way of life. McDonald’s have been successful in infiltrating the lives of American consumers and establishing its stronghold in many people’s eating habits.   In its aim to provide convenience and â€Å"fast† food to people, McDonald’s and the rest of the fast food industry cleverly found a way to give the consumers exactly that, fast food.   Just like any other business, is it any wonder that the fast food industry has creatively and cleverly formulated it own strategies and marketing ploys to gain the fickle trust of consumers? Many might wonder, if McDonald’s, and the fast food industry in general, should be blamed for the terrible eating habits and obesity that besets many Americans and other nations across the world.   I believe that the consumers are partly to blame in this predicament; after all, what they put in their and their children’s, mouths is ultimately their decision.   However, I strongly believe that McDonalds, and the rest of the fast food industry, has a very crucial responsibility in putting forth correct and unveiled information about their food products. It is their business and moral responsibility to put the health of their consumers of utmost consideration and importance, over profits.   It is understandable for consumers to unwittingly get hooked to these great-tasting fast foods, and realize only later on that they have made a mistake.   Clearly, the fast food industry failed to do their jobs in providing correct and ample information, and in resisting the urge of capitalism and profit over the welfare of their consumers, in effect, jeopardizing their lives and exposing the health of your children to grave danger.

Educational Technology Essay

Educational technology is defined as the study which involves ethical practices that aid in learning process as well as performance improvement by the use of technology. Technology is usually created and managed when one is using. The term also involves the theories of instructions and learning. Instructional theory embodies the systems and all processes that aid in learning. It also embodies other systems that are used in the development of the capabilities that humans have. The definition of educational technology defines the tools that are used to advance the learning of a student. Education technology has other braches and one of them is instructional technology that is defined as the practice and theory of designing, developing, managing and evaluating resources that are used in learning. It is considered to be part of education technology because it covers its aspects. It is said to be a growing field of study that uses technology to solve the problems that keep on occurring in the learning environment. It is not popular because it has faced resistance from administrators as they argue that technology is not good in class environment. (Elaine Wilson 2005, p 360) Since it offers solutions to the educational problems analysts say that it is important to use it. The main aim of instructional technology is to remove instructions from humans. Analysts continue to say that education needs humans to intervene at one point or the other. There are many instructors that are in the market and their work is to develop materials that facilitate long distant learning for students around the world. They develop e-learning tools with the help of experts in the field. In this context technology refers to the materials that humans use in the process of learning or systems as well as the techniques and organization methods that are used. The modern materials that are in use today include projectors, calculators and portable computers. There are very many people that use the method as a form of learning and most of them are teachers and learners. The use of educational technology can be considered as applied science. The reason why it is so is because technology is a science. According to research, an educational technologist is one who can change education that is basic and prove that that very education is science applied in the process of learning and issuing instructions. The history of educational technology is not very clear but according to Alison Pickard 2005 p. 178, Several decades have passed and the evidence of education technology tools has not transformed the learning that takes place in the classrooms. It also has no positive influence on the people that use the method as a way of learning. Another factor is that the history of education technology has evolved very fast and the facts about its history are not clear. There are three schools that are believed to provide the theoretical framework for educational technology. They are cognitivism, constructivism and behaviorism. Each of the schools is present but what has changed is the evolution of the literature that is used today. Behaviorism is a framework that was used with animals to carry out experiments of learning because the animals are said to imitate humans. This type of theory has lost favor but is still used today. There are contributions that it brought to the development of education technology. One is the fact that programmed instruction has been developed. The behavior of humans change because of the environment the learning takes place. Cognitivism is what has brought changes of perception to the learning of today. Since learning has undergone changes many educators view learning differently. This type of theory focuses on the explanation of how the brain promotes learning. It was brought about by human brain but since it has undergone evolution new models of cognitivism have been developed. These new models are said to have contributed much to the development of computer based education technology. The subjects that this theory has made debatable are the areas of information processing and cognitive load. Constructivism is another theory that educators started to consider during the 1990s. The reason that led to this was because learners construct their own interpretation of new information that they receive and as they with one another. This kind of theory requires learners to use the knowledge that they have together with the experience that they have in order to adapt new learning skills. This theory has made sure that there are learning instructors in place and they guide others to generate knowledge of their own. The educators in this theory ensure that the experiences from learning are related to concepts that are usually taught. There are some benefits that are associated with educational technology. It is the instrument that has been used to take education to another level that it has never been before. This is because according to research education can be measured by the results that it produces. The outcome of the results has shown some improvement in the sector of education thanks to the technology that the system has embraced. There are specific benefits that the system offers. One is the ease at which the materials for the course can be accessed. Most courses have websites and instructions attached for easy access and use. This has made the work of the learners to be easy as they do not have to physically go to school to access information as they can do this at home. The materials that are used to study are also easily accessed. Another benefit is that those who use the system are motivated to learn. This is because the system is created in such a way that it provides feedback immediately and this is a form of correction to the mistakes the student might make in the course of learning. In addition the computer is patient and cannot make a judgment over the student. This is a source of motivation for the student. According to research that was carried out by Natasha M. Speer 2005, p. 380 those who use the system as a way of learning take less time to study a particular course and develop positive attitude towards the use of computers. Widening participation is also another factor that is considered beneficial. This is because the materials that are used for learning are accessible over a wide distance and hence encourages participation. Education technology improves the skills in writing of a student. This is because the system has tolls that help the student to edit the work that they have written and this in turn improves the writing skills. They can also be able to exchange information that is to be edited. Subjects have been made easy to learn with the software that has been developed. There has been an increase in the software that has been developed in order to make learning an easy process especially for teenagers and children. The software contains graphics and simulators that are attractive to look at and are appealing to the eye. Integration is also another benefit of education technology. This is brought about by the fact that technology integrates learners as they are guided by technology. (Maryl Gearhart 2004, p. 310) In conclusion, technology plays a big role in the education that takes place in the modern world today. The use of technology has made it easy for learning to take place and has increased its reliability. This is because the technology helps the students to develop new skills, ideas and solving problems that occur. Since it has become popular, it has also faced some criticism. Some say that this kind of learning does not provide physical interaction of the people that are involved in the process. Another thing is that the information that the system has depends on humans and they can make errors in the process of developing. Work cited Alison Pickard. The role of effective intervention in promoting the value of electronic information services in the learning process: Case studies in higher education. Performance Measurement and Metrics 2005, 6:3, 172-182 Elaine Wilson. Powerful pedagogical strategies in initial teacher education. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice 2005, 11:4, 359-378 Natasha M. Speer. Issues of Methods and Theory in the Study of Mathematics Teachers’ Professed and Attributed Beliefs. Educational Studies in Mathematics 2005, 58:3, 361-391 Maryl Gearhart, Geoffrey Saxe. When Teachers Know What Students Know: Integrating Mathematics Assessment. Theory into Practice 2004, 43:4, 304-313

To what extent, if at all, is it true to say that Derivatives are Essay

To what extent, if at all, is it true to say that Derivatives are toxic weapons of financial mass destruction - Essay Example In the context of financial market booms and busts, derivatives are often criticized for artificially (yet inevitably) creating these cycles. For this reason, it is not unreasonable to claim that ‘derivatives are toxic instruments of financial mass destruction’, although they have their utility when employed prudently. The role played by derivatives during the 2001 dotcom bubble as well as the more recent 2008 crash of global equity markets is now beyond doubt. The sovereign debt crisis in Greece and Italy are notable examples of the dangers associated with derivatives. Yet, in an atmosphere of deregulation of financial markets, traders and merchants using this controversial financial instrument are given greater incentive to take risk. In other words, the present legal and regulatory climate encourages corporate greed and irresponsible risk-taking, which can only lead to economic crisis. As the case of the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008 clearly illustrates, the unrealistic ambition of CEOs of large corporations is facilitated by derivative instruments. For example, Henry Fuld, the Lehman Brothers CEO who took his company to bankruptcy, had earned $350 million as compensation in the three years before the collapse. This figure is comparable to the money earned by Henry Ford, the founder of th e Ford Motor Company in the three years leading up to the Great Depression. The deregulated economic environment of the Coolidge years is quite similar to the right-wing economic policies implemented by the Bush Administration during its 8 year tenure. It seems remarkable that in spite of several episodes of recession in the last sixty years, the legislatures of advanced economies have not been suitably amended to mitigate future recessions and stock market collapses. To be fair to derivatives, they can perform some useful economic functions. Due to augmented activities by derivative

Philosophy - Marx - Capital, Volume 1 (1867) - Ch 1, sec 1-2 Ch 2 Essay

Philosophy - Marx - Capital, Volume 1 (1867) - Ch 1, sec 1-2 Ch 2 - Essay Example Early in the book, Marx declares that he writes of individuals â€Å"only in so far as they are the personifications of economic categories, embodiments of particular class relations and class interests† (Marx, 15). Today, the world economy is made more complex by the advent of the Internet, over which countless transactions take place in the blink of an eye, and the introduction of new and ever more sophisticated financial products. Consequently, relationships between labor and commodity, and between the working class and bourgeoisie, have grown more complex. The profound effect of recent economic instability in the U.S., aggravated by relaxed restraints on Wall Street and deprivations of the corporate elite, would seem to bear out Marx’s contention (Name) 2 that not only is crisis the nature of capitalism, but that the essence of human action and interaction in a capitalistic society is inherently economic.

Masters Entry Diploma in Management - Management Development Essay

Masters Entry Diploma in Management - Management Development - Essay Example OBJECTIVES OF STUDY Measuring the effectiveness of a sales or marketing technique requires comparing it against other methods under similar conditions. This study will have three major objectives to achieve the purpose of comparing hard-sell techniques to other sales techniques. The first objective is to define and describe what a consumer would consider hard-sell techniques, based on previously extant literature and studies. The second objective will then be to assess customer opinions of and responses to salespeople that use the previously-defined hard-sell methods. Finally, the third objective is to compare those responses with responses to sales pitches that do not use those techniques and analyse the results to determine if the aggressive tactics are as or more effective at closing the sale. LITERATURE SEARCH Academic sources define hard-sell techniques as those sale tactics that tell customers to take action and use forceful language (Englis, 1994, pp. 143). A hard-sell techniq ue sets up a framework between the salesperson and the customer â€Å"where there is a 'winner' or 'loser'† (Meredith 2009, pp 36). ... Generally, what a consumer refers to as a hard sell approach involves pushy and possibly rude salespeople, overly long sales pitches, and multiple demonstrations of a product they have already turned down (Consumer Affairs, 2002). Alternatively, the low-pressure or â€Å"soft sell† salesperson focuses on forming a relationship with the customer (Meredith 2009, pp 36). These techniques advocate listening to the customer, asking the right questions, and waiting for the customer to request a solution before offering a product (Rosen, 2007). According to an analysis by Pine and Davis, manufacturing of custom products to fill an individual customer's needs is the future in many industries (1999, pp 263). Customization would be the epitome of soft-sell techniques, as exactly what the customer requests is what the salesperson could provide. What is not covered in their study, however, is whether the availability of customization will replace the need for strong sales tactics; simply being able to solve a customer's problem does not guarantee a sale. When using a hard-sell method, the salesperson must be careful not to ignore what the customer needs in the interest of moving product; but a less aggressive salesperson may take too long in offering a specific solution and lose the sale in that way (Rosen 2007). Both of these failures to please the customer could hurt repeat business. Customer satisfaction, with not only the product but with their experience of the sale, is the key determinant of whether the customer will return for future business, recommend the product or service to a friend, or purchase upgrades and other services (Ahearne et al, 2005). Customer